![]() The Taimyr herd of Siberian tundra reindeer is the largest wild reindeer herd in the world, varying between 400,000 and 1,000,000 it is a metapopulation consisting of several subpopulations - some of which are phenotypically different - with different migration routes and calving areas. Russia manages 19 herds of Siberian tundra reindeer ( R. In Sweden there are approximately 250,000 reindeer in herds managed by Sami villages. tarandus) still live in the mountains of Norway, notably in Hardangervidda. StatusĪbout 25,000 mountain reindeer ( R. Antler architecture varies by species and subspecies and, together with pelage differences, can often be used to distinguish between species and subspecies (see illustrations in Geist, 1991 and Geist, 1998). Male ("bull") and female ("cow") reindeer can grow antlers annually, although the proportion of females that grow antlers varies greatly between populations. buskensis) by American taxonomists) occupies the Altai and Ural Mountains. valentinae, formerly called the Busk Mountains reindeer ( R. fennicus) is spottily distributed in the coniferous forest zones from Finland to east of Lake Baikal: the Siberian forest reindeer ( R. The unique, insular Svalbard reindeer inhabits the Svalbard Archipelago. tarandus) are close to North American caribou genetically and visually, but with sufficient differences to warrant division into two species. In Eurasia, both wild and domestic reindeer are distributed across the tundra and into the taiga. ![]() terranovae) have been found to be genetically in the woodland caribou lineage. caboti), and the Newfoundland caribou of Newfoundland ( R. caribou), lives in the boreal forest of northeastern Canada: the Labrador or Ungava caribou of northern Quebec and northern Labrador ( R. dawsoni), lived on Graham Island in Haida Gwaii (formerly known as the Queen Charlotte Islands). The extinct insular Queen Charlotte Islands caribou ( R. fortidens) and the Selkirk Mountains caribou ( R. granti) lives in the western end of the Alaska Peninsula and the adjacent islands the other four subspecies, Osborn's caribou ( R. pearyi) lives in the polar desert of the High Arctic Archipelago and Grant's caribou ( R. arcticus), summer in tundra and winter in taiga, a transitional forest zone between boreal forest and tundra the nomadic Peary caribou ( R. arcticus), the migratory mainland barren-ground caribou of Arctic Alaska and Canada ( R. Of the eight subspecies classified by Harding (2022) into the Arctic caribou ( R. The North American range of caribou extends from Alaska through the Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut throughout the tundra, taiga and boreal forest and south through the Canadian Rocky Mountains. They also vary in coat color and antler architecture. ( t.) platyrhynchus), to the largest, Osborn's caribou ( R. Reindeer/caribou ( Rangifer) vary in size from the smallest, the Svalbard reindeer ( R. ![]() ![]() Names follow international convention before the recent revision (see Taxonomy below). In some traditional Christmas legends, Santa Claus's reindeer pull a sleigh through the night sky to help Santa Claus deliver gifts to good children on Christmas Eve. Both wild and domestic reindeer have been an important source of food, clothing, and shelter for Arctic people from prehistorical times. Reindeer are the only successfully semi-domesticated deer on a large scale in the world. They are unique among deer (Cervidae) in that females may have antlers, although the prevalence of antlered females varies by subspecies. Although reindeer are quite numerous, some species and subspecies are in decline and considered vulnerable. Reindeer vary greatly in size and color from the smallest, the Svalbard reindeer ( R. The tundra subspecies are adapted for extreme cold, and some are adapted for long-distance migration. Reindeer occur in both migratory and sedentary populations, and their herd sizes vary greatly in different regions. More recent studies suggest the splitting of reindeer and caribou into six distinct species over their range. It is the only representative of the genus Rangifer. The reindeer or caribou ( Rangifer tarandus) is a species of deer with circumpolar distribution, native to Arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of Northern Europe, Siberia, and North America. Reindeer range: North American (green), Eurasian (red), and Alaskan introduced (orange) See text, traditionally 1, but possibly up to 6
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